Purify the Air Supply

Has your time spent indoors increased during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of stay-at-home and shelter-in-place policies worldwide? Your challenge is to use the International Space Station (ISS) as inspiration and develop a system to monitor and/or purify indoor air. It is entirely up to you whether the system you design is able to be used on Earth (for example in homes, businesses, transportation, etc.) and/or in space.

Aironauts: clearing air of pathogens and excess Carbon dioxide

Summary

pathogen + CO2 removal. 1) Pathogen removal: a) removing pathogens that are attached to water particles via PNIPAM (isopropyl-acrylamide based polymer), b) Positively charged sillica to attract suspended and settling pathogens (especially viruses) that may not have been removed in phase one 2) CO2 removal: negatively charged Zeolites adsorp CO2 then get flushed with water that get injected into algae bioreactor consuming soluble CO2 / producing oxygen and biomass for biofuel, or nutrition.

How We Addressed This Challenge

With COVID-19, it is important for ventilation systems to be able to remove pathogens and disinfect. SARS family viruses die bu heat exposure at 60 degrees for 15 minutes; the air from the pathogen removal stage gets sucked into tubes that could be placed on rooftops in solar heater configuration to heat up to 60 degrees and more, killing remaining pathogens then get passed to zeolite columns for CO2 removal. By integrating CO2 in algae bioreactors that would be "degassed" from produced oxygen that would enter the ventilation system, the integrated airfiltration system would allow for using negatively charged and positively charged meidum (polymer then zeolites) for removal of pathogen, UV / heat from sunlight to disinfect any remaining pathogens and utilize CO2 solubility in flushing the Zeolites for reuse so that CO2-rich solution could enhance bioreactor photosynthesis yield and oxygen "degassing" would reduce the adevrse results of oxygen accumulation in bioreactors. (Pathogens trapped onto polymer and sillica (that get heated via heat exchange via the air solar heater, allowing safe reuse against reduced energy requirement)  and CO2 (20 times more soluble than O2) could be used to increase biomass and O2 generation (which gets degassed and enter the ventilation system) for comfortable breathing in confined spaces / closed environments. 

How We Developed This Project

Quite honestly, we were inspired by coupke of phenomena like adsorption, CO2 solubility, and the fact that pathogens behave differently based on their affinity to water. We thought about using adsorption and play with media whose surfaces , positive and negatively charged, could remove different things at different stages. We were also inspired by the possibility of producing sillica media for pathogen removal from biogenic source (pyrolosis of rice processing waste of husks an stalks via pyrolosis for feedstock bio oil and extraction from the sillica-rich resultant biochar). 

Also, NASA had leading research that we discovered later to validate our approach as we talked to the mentors (usage of sillica and zeolites). I would say our innovation lies in using the water flushing system of the zeolites to get the CO2 removed and recycling the CO2 in the biomass systems of algae in addition to pathogen removal that responds to the COVID-19 pandemic which would require ventilation systems especially in quarntine locations to be a source of pathogen removal and NOT pathogen propagation as we approach summer and ventilation may lead to increasing the infection rate in hospitals among visitors and healthcare providers and once lockdown is eased. 

Project Demo

This Google Drive link has the presentation, the video and the design files: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1_cKJPnYZPKR4VyxB9R6q38Ok5ZVTtwOR?usp=sharing 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3Kw3Xecf8&feature=youtu.be 


Our website: https://aironauts.wordpress.com/ 

Tags
#Pathogen_removal ; #CO2_removal ; #Safe_Ventilation ; #algae_bioreactor_usage_of_CO2 ;
Global Judging
This project was submitted for consideration during the Space Apps Global Judging process.