The challenge is to design a system that is able to purify the indoor home air as people stay in their homes for longer periods after COVID-19 so, in our project, we focused to make a built-in air purifier which contains some processes to clean the indoor air from bacteria, viruses and useless odours. The purifier will be mostly used on the Earth as it's a built-in one. Purification of air not only important for people health it's also important for their moods. Our project uses effective filters which aren't harmful to people health also, the UV light will not be direct to people in their home it will be in a glassy box so that it will be far from them and this means that our project makes its work as well as it doesn't harm people.
Our design is for a built-in purifying system which consists of 4 different filters fixed on the ceiling and the roof, a fan, an air suction and an odour sensor.
First, when the odour sensor senses that the air of the room is polluted it turns on the air suction, the electrostatic precipitator and the vacuum-ultraviolet laser.
1.Odour Sensor:
First, the polluted air coming from the indoor home air will start its journey through the purifier by passing through the odour sensors which are the sensors that are like (electronic noses) automatically cleaning the air when they sense chemical emissions, gases, tobacco smoke and other odours. Then the air continues its purification journey through the other effective filters until it purifies completely and returns to the indoor home air.
That air suction transfers the polluted air through pipes passing through a pre-filter which is fixed in front of the air suction.
2.Pre-filter:
Pre-filter is a washable filter which is the first phase of filtration which captures large particles like dust from the air before they clog the filtration process, it serves to extend the lifespan of the purifier and save money over the long term, which can more than make up for their cost.
The air moves to an electrostatic precipitator which is fixed on the ceiling of the room.
3.Electrostatic Precipitator:
An electrostatic precipitator is a kind of filters that used to remove particles in a gas stream using a force called electrostatic force. The utilization of electrostatic precipitation extends from small household air cleaners to huge industrial gas cleaning systems. These air cleaners used to clean air from dust, smokes and fumes. There are five applications of industrial electrostatic precipitators, and they are:
• Collection of fly ash from electric power boilers.
• Particle collection from black liquor recovery furnaces in paper mills.
• Particle collection from cement and gypsum manufacturing process.
• Cleaning of stack emissions in municipal incinerators.
• Particle collection from furnace operations in metallurgical processes.
Electrostatic precipitators work by forcing dirty flue gas which takes the form of metal wires or plates inside smokestack as the dirt particle moves past it, they pick up a negative charge.
Electrostatic precipitators start by ionizing grease and smoke particles as they travel over ionizing electrodes. The particles become electrically charged. Some particles are more susceptible to becoming either positively or negatively charged, which means that the most effective ESPs are those that produce both types of charge and so ionize more particles.
The charged grease and smoke particles travel through the parallel plates of the collector cell and become trapped. The longer the distance the particles travel through the collector cells, the more particles are collected.
Voltage is also important. Both ionizer and collector cell voltage should be as high as possible to maximize particle ionization and capture efficiency.
Once the grease and smoke particles have been removed, the air is free of the characteristic blue fume often seen in emissions from restaurants where the cooking produces high levels of grease and smoke. The collector cells are then removed and cleaned at regular intervals.
Electrostatic precipitators should have a diffuser plate to ensure an even spread of air across the surface of the filter, and pre-filters to collect larger grease particles first.
After that, the air moves into a glassy box which contains our special filter which we have called nanogold filter
4.Nanogold filter:
After deep thinking and doing researches we came up with technology which can solve the problem of unpurifying air. Major challenges happen to use nanomaterials for improving air quality on a mass scale, both practical and regulatory, are also presented Nanomaterials for Air treatment provides a comprehensive description of basic knowledge and current research progress within the field of air treatment using nanomaterials. Nanotechnology became the main factor in any remediation .it can be used in different fields such as chemistry or biology challenges. Furthermore, Nanosensors have been developed to sense toxic gas leaks at extremely low concentrations. Overall, there's a mess of promising environmental applications for nanotechnology, with the most focus area on energy technologies. By porous manganese oxide garnished with nanoparticles of gold and vacuum-ultraviolet laser, clean air will be achieved. This process of purifying air depends on the evaporation process as the gold surface is irradiated with an ultraviolet laser, which dislodges gold particles through this process. These gold particles have unusually high energy, which allows them to drive deep into the surface of the manganese oxide. All of these contents will be put into a tightly closed glassy box reflective from inside which is fixed on the roof of the home. This process thanks to inducing sufficiently strong interactions between the small clumps of gold and the manganese oxide support. It has too many advantages include: removing volatile organic compounds and organic pollutants at room temperature. from air and breaks down it as well as acetaldehyde, toluene, and hexane. Elements that are microscopic poses a greater threat to human health than other elements which are easily visible with naked eyes. Expansivity is from impediments but in the last days, it became cheaper than before.
Then, air moves through pipes passing through a charcoal filter to a fan.
5.Charcoal filter:
The final phase of filtering is the Charcoal filter. Activated carbon (Charcoal) filter is a filter uses a process called carbon filtering to remove contaminants and Impurities, using a bed of activated carbon by chemical adsorption whereby pollutant molecules in the air to be treated are trapped inside the pore structure of the carbon substrate. Which removes unwanted odours like smoke, fumes, and animal odour. Once all of the binding sites are filled that filter needs to be replaced. After that, purified air moves through a fan to the room again.
And that fan returns the fresh air into the room again.
https://1drv.ms/p/s!Ald4lS03T-ZikyAUSxz6NcP_9Tzo
https://www.me.psu.edu/cimbala/me433/Lectures/Activated_Carbon_or_Charcoal_Filters.pdf
https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2013/cg_4.html
http://blog.bccresearch.com/clearing-the-air-global-nanotechnology-in-environmental-applications-market
https://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=1710.php