Purify the Air Supply

Has your time spent indoors increased during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of stay-at-home and shelter-in-place policies worldwide? Your challenge is to use the International Space Station (ISS) as inspiration and develop a system to monitor and/or purify indoor air. It is entirely up to you whether the system you design is able to be used on Earth (for example in homes, businesses, transportation, etc.) and/or in space.

TaurusOx

Summary

The TaurusOx is an autonomous indoors air treating and monitoring device that is able to purify the air by pumping it into a small tank filled with seaweed, that purifies the air, and then through a pipe with an electrostatic filter to disable viruses such as the COVID-19 virus. The air quality monitoring is made by using three systems of five gas sensors each, one inside de air input pipe, one in the air output pipe, and one in the ambient where the system is at. The data collected by the sensors is processed and sent to an online platform so that the user can monitor the air quality.

How We Addressed This Challenge

We spend most of our time in closed environments such as our home and office. With the COVID-19 outbreak, it has been made clear how the treatment and the quality of the air are important to our lives, especially while indoors. That is why by using NASA and associated data we found the levels of gas in the air that make up good quality air and used that to create an air monitoring and also purifying station focused on the air quality in closed spaces.

How We Developed This Project

We developed the project with the goal to make a product that would improve air quality indoors while preventing the spread of the COVID-19 and fitting it all into a compact and affordable form factor.  We started by deciding that we would use seaweed to make a primary filtering and an electrostatic filter to make the secondary filtering. After that, we choose the Raspberry Pi Zero W to be our controller board and selected the necessary complementary hardware and the gas sensor to be the MQ-135. 

To calibrate the sensors we studied NASA's archives to see the concentration of gases in the atmosphere and the concentration permitted in the ISS. We also had to study the datasheet of the sensor and of the raspberry pi to find a proper way for them to communicate.  

For the online integration, we mostly went for the resources that were made available for the challenge, IoT Core, DynamoDB, Amazon Web Service, EC2. Researches were made to make sure our integration of the Raspberry Pi and our online system would work. 

As for the filters themselves we based of existing studies on the matter and the ISS air purification system. After having our bases for the viability of the project we started thinking about the form factor and mechanics of it. We settled with a cylindrical reservoir where the seaweeds and water would be in and a micro air pump and fans to force the air into the device.

All the project was then documented and carefully reviewed to then make the thirty-second video and submission to the platform.

Project Demo

video: https://youtu.be/vbaiy0_8kfI

website: https://taurusox.us/

Data & Resources
  1. TONY ANDERSON. Recycling Oxygen from Carbon Dioxide in Future Space Exploration. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.precision-combustion.com/16-about-us/press-releases/85- recycling-oxygen-from-carbon-dioxide-in-future-space-exploration. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  2. NOGUEIRA, Luiz. Biorreator usa algas para transformar CO2 em oxigênio. 2019. Disponível em: https://olhardigital.com.br/noticia/biorreator-usa-algas-para-transformar- co2-em-oxigenio/90500. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  3. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. SHANESSA JACKSON. Life Support Systems. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.nasa.gov/content/life-support-systems. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (ECLSS). Florida: ., 23 ago. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/g-281237_eclss_0.pdf. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  5. MORAIS, Michele Greque de; COSTA, Jorge Alberto Vieira. Bioprocesses for removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide by microalgae for the utilization of gas generated during coal burning . Química Nova, [s.l.], v. 31, n. 5, p. 1038-1042, Não é um mês valido! 2008. FapUNIFESP (SciELO). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422008000500017. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100-40422008000500017&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  6. ESA. Air Revitalization System. Disponível em: https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Node-3_Cupola/ Air_Revitalization_System. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  7. OHSE, Silvana et al. REVISION ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION BY MICROALGAE AND FORESTS AND THE PRODUCTION OF LIPIDS FOR THE MICROALGAE. Insula, Florianópolis, v. 36, p. 39-74, Não é um mês valido! 2007. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/insula/article/view/15121/13773. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  8. MAIA, Robinson M.; MOURA, Carlos W. N.; BISPO, Vanderson S.; SANTOS, João L. A.; SANTANA, Rafael S.; MATOS, Humberto R.. Evaluation of nitric oxide (NO) scavenging for the metanol extract of the alga Bryothamnion triquetrum (Gmelin) Howe. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, [s.l.], v. 20, n. 4, p. 489-493, set. 2010. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2010000400005. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-695X2010000400005&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  9. ESA. Advanced Closed Loop System. Disponível em: https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Research/ Advanced_Closed_Loop_System. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  10. AEROFLAP (Brasil). Airbus entrega um novo sistema de suporte a vida para a iss. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.aeroflap.com.br/airbus-entrega-um-novo-sistema-de-suporte-a-vida- para-a-iss/. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  11. BOCKSTAHLER, Klaus; HARTWICH, Rüdiger; MATTHIAS, Carsten; WITT, Johannes; HOVLAND, Scott; LAURINI, Daniele. Status of the Advanced Closed Loop System ACLS for Accommodation on the ISS. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS, 47., 2017, Charleston. .. .: ., 2017. v. 135, p. 01-11. Disponível em: https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ 
  12. bitstream/handle/2346/72951/ICES_2017_135.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  13. ALGAE RESEARCH SUPPLY. (Estados Unidos) (org.). Algae Research Supply: Algae Culture, Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). Disponível em: https://algaeresearchsupply.com/collections/spirulina-production/products/spirulina-culture- arthrospira-platensis. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  14. PRETA, Gulherme. Novo tecido para máscaras pode matar o coronavírus por campo elétrico. Disponível em: https://olhardigital.com.br/coronavirus/noticia/novo-tecido-para-mascaras-pode- matar-o-coronavirus-por-campo-eletrico/101113. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  15. MOTOVENT EQUIPAMENTOS DE VENTILAÇÃO LTDA. Filtro Eletrostático. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.motovent.com.br/filtro-eletrost%C3%A1tico.html. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  16. APOIO PROJETOS. Https://www.apoioprojetos.com.br/filtragem-eletrostatica/. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.apoioprojetos.com.br/filtragem-eletrostatica/. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 
  17. NASA. JHON T. JAMES. (comp.). Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Airborne Contaminants. 2008. Toxicology Group Environmental Factors Office Habitability and Environmental Factors Division Space Life Sciences Directorate. Disponível em: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20090014213.pdf. Acesso em: 31 maio 2020. 


Tags
#science #raspberrypi #iot #hardware #health #database #air #electrostatic #seaweed #airfilter #water
Global Judging
This project was submitted for consideration during the Space Apps Global Judging process.