Quiet Planet

The COVID-19 outbreak and the resulting social distancing recommendations and related restrictions have led to numerous short-term changes in economic and social activity around the world, all of which may have impacts on our environment. Your challenge is to use space-based data to document the local to global environmental changes caused by COVID-19 and the associated societal responses.

Has Covid-19 changed the waters of Abu Dhabi?

Summary

Changes in marine environments are expected due to COVID-19 responses. We utilised data from a variety of satellites including MODIS Terra/Acqua, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, Sentinel-5P and Landsat-8 to understand the spatio-temporal changes in the local atmospheric variables and the water quality parameters. Analysis of water turbidity and sea-surface temperature among others are carried out at three locations in Abu Dhabi, UAE: one with industrial activity and two locations with minimum activity.

How We Addressed This Challenge

The idea here is to study several environmental variables at different locations representing regions that are affected by the current situation in different ways. The three sites selected for the analysis are: 

 i) Musaffah Port, home to a 53 km Musaffah Channel, which is the second longest channel in the region, after the Suez Canal,

ii) Dalma Island located approximately 42 km off the coast of Abu Dhabi, and

iii) Sir Bani Yas Island, part of the Al Gharbia region in the UAE and close to the mainland coast where some anthropogenic  activities are present.

Musaffah Port area constitutes a large urban agglomeration with high industrial activity and considerable anthropogenic  contribution to the water turbidity along the coast. Dalma Island is a remote location with very limited industrial and human activity and the current situation is expected to have no major changes in the environment there. Sir Bani Yas Island represents a region with medium level human activity and no significant change is expected. 

By studying the coastal environments and associated variable patters at these sites, it is expected to provide some insights into the effect of the pandemic COVID-19 and associated societal responses (i.e. social distancing recommendations and related restrictions) in the marine and coastal environment of Abu Dhabi. Moreover,  atmospheric variables including aerosols and other atmospheric constituents are also studied to look at the trends of anthropogenic activity. The datasets provide an insight into the natural patterns of these variables and the possible contribution to the changes in the marine and coastal environment. 


How We Developed This Project

During the project, data from a variety of sensors have been acquired and processed. MODIS Terra/Acqua, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, Sentinel-5P and Landsat-8 data are used to understand the water turbidity patterns before and after the implementation of the responses to pandemic COVID-19. Landsat-8 data were preprocessed, radiometrically corrected, classified and transformed. The Normalised Difference Water Index was used for water body mapping. In parallel, MODIS data have been used to study the time-series of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) to understand if there has been any significant reduction in the aerosol loading in comparison to the data over the last ten years.  Sentinel-5P level 2 products including UV Aerosol Index, CO, HCHO,CH4, NO2, SO2,O3 are analysed over smaller regions around the areas of interest to observe the changes in the local atmospheric conditions.

Project Demo

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1feB4lpg-FtWrA4XsJsSdKfCZ1Z7CGevf/view?usp=sharing


Data & Resources
  1. Sentinel-2 MSI Multispectral images Level 2a products time series from (November, 2019, March/2020, May 2020).
  2. Landsat-8 Multispectral images   (November, 2019, March/2020, May 2020).
  3. Sentinel-3 (OLCI, SLSTR)  (01/2019 - last available scene).
  4. Sentinel-5P TOPOMI Level 2 products (UVAI, CO, HCHO, CH4, NO2, SO2, O3)  (01/2019 - last available scene)
  5. MCD19A2.006: Terra & Aqua MAIAC Land Aerosol Optical Depth Daily 1km (01/2010 - present)

Data are obtained through Google Earth Engine, USGS Earth Explorer and Copernicus Open Access Hub

Tags
#water_quality #aerosols #air_quality # abu_dhabi
Global Judging
This project was submitted for consideration during the Space Apps Global Judging process.