In a relatively close future, the idea of a densely populated space outpost, which we can imagine used for many different purposes (research, tourism, exploration) will become a reality[1]. We have scientifical evidence that stress and microgravity have a strong inhibitory effect on lymphocyte activation, while vibration, acceleration and radiation can cause mutations in pathogens that can lead to a raising in said pathogen's virulence [2]. Thus, the risk of a disease outbreak in non-Earth environment is much higher. A disease outbreak is likely to cause much more damage in the aforementioned situations, causing different kinds of issues that can ultimately lead to the failure of the mission. 

D.AI.A.N.A. (Domotic Artificial Intelligence for Assisting New-era Activities)  is an integrated protocol thought for mission operations that involve a large number of crew members. It is comprised both of baseline and emergency-related measures.

Baseline features include solutions such as :

• Silver nanoparticles coating on commonly used items such as handles [3];
• Antibacterial ceramic for sanitary services [4];
• Antimicrobial paint [5]
• Psychological support for the crew members through scheduled recreational activities in Earth-like places. [6]
• Circadian lighting [7]
• Personal music therapy.

 The last described features are all focused on reducing stress levels, as increased cortisol release is responsible of immunosoppression, especially in non-Earth places. 

Baseline features also incluse a complex real-time data management system that mainly focuses on collecting, elaborating and storing a large amount of data, mainly of biometric nature obtained with highly non-invasive methods, executed without the crew even noticing. These data include:

• Body temperature, continously obtained by thermo-infrared cameras;
• Urine and feces samples, performed  by smart sanitary services after every use;
• Sweat samples taken daily which can contain inflammatory markers such as IL-1, IL-6,TNF-α [8];
• Breath samples which can theoretically be associated with a variety of infectious diseases [9][10];
• Smart sound recognizing systems, finalized to detect pathological forms of coughing. 
•  Bluetooth bracelets able to track interpersonal contacts through personal IDs.

All these data are fed to an AI system. The challenge consists in detecting very early signs of an upcoming disease outbreak and react accordingly by recommending a 4-level emergency protocol to the medical staff.These levels are finalized to reaching an optimal compromise between healthcare and working efficiency, each one being related to the current severity of the outbreak:

• Phase 0: No alert. All biometric data are stable and sampling is carried out more frequently on new arrivals.
• Phase 1: Few aspecific symptoms reported. D.A.IA.N.A. suggests a different scheduling in the crew's duties finalized to reduce interpersonal contact without sacrificing efficiency. Sanitization operated by DIANAbots is carried out more frequently. Crew members are advised to use face masks.
• Phase 2: Specific symptoms and numerous cases reported. D.AI.A.N.A. suggests a rotation-based scheduling both for working and for use of public spaces.Telemedicine is used to decide whether or not more specific diagnostical procedures should be carried out [11], such as CBC,ABG, ADUM scans [12], buffer tests possibly sent on Earth) . D.AI.A.N.A. can also suggest a confinment of the ill crew members in specific locations.
• Phase 3: Disease outbreak confirmed. Bluetooth bracelets react to excessively close interpersonal contact. Medical staff on the Earth can possibly decide for an evacuation of life-threatened crew members. D.AI.AN.A.'s suggested working schedules are highly oriented to the mission's survival: safeguarding the crew members' health, and to minimize economical losses.

A simulated model has been developed in order to evaluate the effect of an early estimate of an epidemic outbreak in a closed environment. A population of N individuals that can interact with each other has been considered. Only one person is infected at the beginning of the simulation. Its main parameters are:

• Probability of contagion in case of contact.
• Meeting rate per day of an individual.  
• Symptoms detection time (average and standard deviation)
• Recovery/death time (average and standard deviation) 

Three different situations have been considered:

• Absence of any protocol. 
• Human based protocol. (ex: the use of masks is simulated by lowering the probability of contagion and so on) 
• D.AI.AN.A.’s protocol. The symptoms’ average detection time is lowered, and soft prevention measures are deployed when early symptoms appear.

 It turned out that an anticipation in the detection of symptoms, even of a few days, can drastically change the behaviour of the contagion curves.

In conclusion, D.AI.A.N.A. offers a complete domotic system capable of providing many advantages not only in a non-Earth context, but also in extreme environmental conditions on the surface of Earth. Many technologies on which D.AI.A.N.A. is based are currently largely unexplored or in experimental phases. However, they are supported by scientifical evidence and we hope that, in future, they can be used to provide high quality human support in our endless gathering of knowledge.